Nearly two-thirds (65 percent) of Black Americans say that the increased national attention on racial inequality since the 2020 murder of George Floyd has not led to changes that improve Black people’s lives, while 44 percent say equality for Black people in the United States is not likely to be achieved, a survey conducted in October 2021 by the Pew Research Center finds. By contrast, in a September 2020 survey, at least half of Black respondents had believed that increased awareness would lead to major policy changes to address racial inequality (50 percent) and changes that would improve Black people’s lives (56 percent). The report, Black Americans Have a Clear Vision for Reducing Racism but Little Hope It Will Happen (127 pages, PDF), found that, for Black people to be treated fairly in the United States, 54 percent of respondents said that the prison system needs to be completely overhauled, followed by policing (49 percent), the courts and judicial process (48 percent), the political system (42 percent), the economic system (37 percent), and the healthcare system (34 percent). Yet 67 percent and 58 percent were skeptical that reforms of the prison system or policing to treat Black people fairly would be realized.