While high school graduation rates among young men of color in New York City have improved in recent years, only 9 percent of African-American males and 11 percent of Latino males graduated "college ready" in 2010, a report from the Research Alliance for New York City Schools finds. The report, Moving the Needle: Exploring Key Levers to Boost College Readiness Among Black and Latino Males in New York City (61 pages, PDF), found that young black and Latino men faced "opportunity gaps" partially determined by poverty, gender expectations, and language and cultural barriers. The report also found that they are exposed to school-level practices that negatively, and disproportionately, affect their outcomes. Funded by the Fund for Public Schools, the report recommends enhancing the Expanded Success Initiative — an ongoing citywide effort to improve college and career readiness for young men of color — by, among other things, investing resources in ninth-grade education, redesigning school schedules and curricula to encourage African-American and Latino male students to take on more rigorous coursework, and providing peer and adult mentoring.